Pastor-Genève

Coloured diamonds may not be an obvious safe choice for the astute investor, but their track record speaks for itself — these precious gems have been increasing in value by an average of 10 to 15 per cent per annum since the early 1970s, when formal records started.

Twenty years ago a one-carat, fancy, vivid, internally flawless pink diamond would have sold for approximately $70,000 a carat. Today, that same diamond could be worth more than $750,000. In October 2007, Sotheby’s Hong Kong broke an auction record, which had stood for over twenty years, when it sold a 6.04 carat, internally flawless, emerald-cut vivid-blue diamond ring for US$7,981,835. The per carat record was once again topped at Sotheby’s this year in Geneva when a fancy, vivid-blue, pear-shaped diamond ring sold for a record of US$1.328 million per carat.

Perhaps you are thinking that the credit crunch will influence demand? Think again, at least when it comes to coloured diamonds. Even through the recent market downturn, coloured diamonds have appreciated. As James Allan of South African finance group Allan Hochreiter says, ‘If you are actively involved in the production and sale of diamonds, the future looks extremely bright.’

So, it is little surprise that, at a time when other assets are experiencing heavy turbulence, high-net-worth individuals are looking for new ways to diversify their holdings. A new fund focused on the acquisition of rare coloured diamonds, offers such diversification. It allows its investors to gain exposure to this market with a starting investment of $1 million and a maximum of $10 million dollars, with $100 million as the target total size.

The founders, Mahyar Makhzani and Philip Baldwin, believe the gems to be both a highly attractive investment and also a hedge against market turbulence and political crises. The fund does not touch rough diamonds, which are far too risky. Instead, the diamonds are acquired through traders or cutters in New York, Tel Aviv, Geneva and London or through auction houses and private sales. Although the price of white diamonds fluctuates, natural fancy coloured diamonds remain the most valuable gemstones as measured on a price-per-carat basis. Alan Bronstein, curator of the Aurora Collection (the world’s most famous collection of coloured diamonds) and leading adviser to jewellers and investors, explains that, for long-term investors in particular, ‘coloured diamonds are a fantastic investment’. In order to maximise the benefit, he recommends the gems be kept for at least five years. ‘However, if it is just a hold for intrinsic value, a hold for diversification, then a year could be fine.’

 

Pastor-Genève b.v.b.a., Brusselstraat 51, B-2018 Antwerpen, Belgium

Tel: + (0) 32 3 244 1871 Fax: + (0) 32 3 244 1873

http://pastor-geneve.com

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Pastor Geneve would like to wish you a happy and healthy year and we look forward to a prosperous 2009.  As you can see in the articles below, Pastor Geneve continues to see strong activity in the market despite the global economic downturn. 
 
Although sales in the US have slowed down, the global diamond markets continue to report solid sales results.  Furthermore, major diamond producing countries around the world continue to report declines in production as major producers scale back and important diamond-producing mines experience declining reserves.

Pastor Geneve will be producing an editorial this winter in the Sovereign Society and we plan on attending a number of important seminars in the coming months to continue to educate the general public about the rare colored diamond market.

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Pastorv-vGenève News – 2009w

 

Pastor-Geneve is please to announce the sale of a very important 1-carat Argyle tender stone from the 2008 Argyle tender.  Last year Pastor-Geneve was able to sell three stones from the Argyle tender, including a rare 1 carat Vivid Pink stone, the largest vivid stone at the Argyle tender of 2007.

 

Pastor-Geneve has been working closely with Argyle pink diamonds since the late 20^th century and has seen this segment of the market gradually and steadily rise in demand, recognition and price.

 

As supply at the Argyle mine continues to decline before they close the mine in the next decade, prices of these rare diamonds are expected to dramatically increase over the long-term.

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Current Issues with the Global Economy

Pastor Geneve Issues with the Global Economy By Dane.

Though the housing bubble deflated about two years ago, its true effects are only now beginning to emerge. In late 2006, when the economy first began to show signs of weakness in the housing market, most economists predicted that a recession was very unlikely, and that any downturn in real estate prices would be localized and mild. In reality, a global downturn is now a real threat, with the final price of the credit crunch projected to exceed $1 trillion dollars.

Not only have falling house prices in the US spread to other markets abroad, they have contributed to massive losses in other areas of lending such as credit cards, and the financial industry, which is now reeling from the US government bailout of Bear Stearns. What does this mean for emerging economies like China and India? In the short term, volatility seems to be the order of the day, with India’s fledgling exchanges rocked by jittery investors. Until financial centers and investors can regain confidence, market conditions will be exaggerated. Early trading also plays a psychological role for investors, as news developments impact Asia before Wall Street opens.

The US and the UK both face difficult home pricing corrections which will continue to hamper growth. Most homeowners expect, if not to make a profit, not to sell their houses at a loss, which is a difficult pill to swallow. And if they can’t sell their homes for what they think they’re worth, then waiting it out contributes to prices falling, thus exacerbating the problem.

While government intervention has been exceptionally forthcoming in efforts to preserve confidence in financial markets, less attention has been given to homeowners who are being foreclosed on over the next year, which is only so low because of robust growth in Asia.

Another prospect which looms over every government is the specter of inflation, which threatens to overtake the slumping economy as the number one priority for the Federal Reserve and other central banks, who have had to take extreme action to prevent further liquidity losses. The Fed has sold off over $100 billion in auctions and lowered interest rates five times in an attempt to lower mortgage interest rates, but confidence will remain shaky until the full extent of investment bank’s sub-prime exposure is realized.

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The Role of Fear in This Faltering Economy

Pastor Geneve in This Faltering Economy By Danna Schneider.

Our economy is definitely going through some “tough times”, as our President George Bush recently confirmed in a speech regarding the floundering economy of today.

A combination of factors have created a very volatile stock market, housing market, increasing inflation and cost of living, and a faltering job market, but one key component of a failing economy plays an intangible role in facilitating and perpetuating economic instability.

That component is human fear. We can’t help it, we’ve evolved with fear as one of our main emotions, and the media and our surroundings have only helped it along by declaring “the sky if falling” with it’s seemingly nonstop doomsday headlines.

Heck, you can’t read your email without seeing the headlines on the side declaring that we are headed for worse times before they get better, costs are skyrocketing, foreclosures are at an all time high, gas prices are astronomical, and basically that everything is working against us right now.

The sky looks very dim indeed if you tune in to the nightly news or happen to be bombarded with all this fearful journalism every day on the internet, which is an increasingly popular portal for getting the news. So, has the media played a part in our faltering economy, or is it really a combination of unfortunate factors, seemingly brought on by events beyond our control?

Well, most people feel the media is partly responsible for making things worse. Take the stock market for example. Fear is the stock market’s worst enemy. When consumer confidence in the economy is low and there are other headlines that are less than favorable in the financial, retail, and last but not least, housing sectors, the stock market suffers dramatic volatility.

In fact, one of the hardest hit in the subprime and credit fiasco, whom also was recently bailed out by the federal government and JP Morgan, another financial heavy, Bear Stearns, acknowledges that fear is it’s worst enemy. They insist that their financials are still intact, but rumors that were rampant about the company’s imminent collapse forced shares down to their lowest levels in almost eleven years.

Many financial institutions are experiencing nosedives in their stock prices, and have also slashed dividends to preserve working capital, a move that is said to create a domino effect in the banking industry where other banks follow suit. This only forces prices lower on stocks, and makes it harder for them, and consequently, the market, to recover.

Most financial analysts agree now that we are in a recession, but some are still reluctant to call that card, saying that a recession may still be averted, and that we are merely in an economic downturn. I for one, believe we are smack in the middle of a recession, and I believe that part of the reason for that is the fear that is being spread about the dire straits the US economy is in, and the sense of hopelessness conveyed by these doomsday headlines.

Fear perpetuates a sense of helplessness and “waiting it out”, as well as inspires investors to back their money out of stocks and other investments, and put them into cash accounts, which only puts us further into recession. For those that have iron stomachs, it’s actually a great time to be an investor, as there are some good, solid companies selling for well below their book values and their true worth right now.

That’s not to say there also aren’t a lot of stinkers too, but if you practice due diligence in researching their individual financials and balance sheets, you may be sitting pretty when this recession is over and the consumer confidence that is so key to a healthy economy has returned.

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You Can Profit From the Current Economy

Pastor-Geneve Profit From the Current Economy by Jay Wagner

The current economy is in bad shape – at least that’s what all of the pundits tell us. The conventional wisdom in times like these is to put stop loss orders on everything, put everything you can into blue chips, or settle for the safe, low returns of Treasury securities.

I’m here to tell you that the conventional wisdom is foolish.

In the first place, the conventional wisdom is contradictory. You can’t have automatic trades to comply with stop loss orders going on constantly and maintain major holdings in blue chips. Even the blue chips – maybe especially the blue chips – are subject to market volatility. When the economy is bad, inflation becomes a major concern, and the market starts requiring a higher return on investment. At the same time, the bad economy drives sales downward, reducing corporate incomes and, by extension, return on stockholders’ investment. The result is market dissonance that exacerbates existing market volatility. The general trend is for prices to go down, and the easier a security is to trade the more precipitous its price decline tends to be. This is simply a function of supply and demand: more people want out than in, so supply exceeds demand and prices drop.

Supply and demand also accounts for what happens with bonds, notes, and commercial paper. In a difficult economy, fixed income securities are less appealing because of inflation concerns. Here again, people trying to get out of fixed income securities outnumber those trying to get in, so prices go down and both current yield and yield to maturity go up. At the same time, new debt issues of any kind are almost impossible to sell, and, with the rest of the credit market similarly tightened, companies are unable to borrow necessary cash at reasonable rates, forcing them to offer their debt placements at rather deep discounts. The bottom line is, they must raise cash to weather the economic storm, and they will pay handsomely to get it.

You’re seeing it today on every news channel: the prices of securities are declining virtually across the board. Your broker may be telling you to cover everything with stop loss orders and trade, trade, trade. That may be a case of your broker subscribing to the conventional foolishness, or it may be a case of your broker trying to protect his income: after all, commissions come from trades, and your broker lives on commissions. The question I have to ask is why would you want to sell now? It makes about as much sense as buying merchandise at Nieman Marcus to resell at Wal Mart. This is not, I repeat not, the time to sell. The economy is on an express elevator to the bargain basement, to be sure, but history tells us that when it comes to the stock market, what goes down must come up. Knowing that, this is the time to get in on the bargains. That “next Microsoft” that everyone is looking for might be trading for far less than its legitimate value right under your nose right now!

Growing up in Kansas, I was acquainted with a man who had amassed vast holdings of farm and ranch land. He was an eighth grade dropout, and I often wondered how he came to be so wealthy, so I finally asked. “Son,” he said, “Most of my land was bought back during the dust bowl, when farmers and ranchers were selling off their land or bankers were foreclosing and then trying to get what cash they could from the deal. I was just a farmhand back then, but I had a little money saved up, and when land dropped below twenty-five cents an acre I started buying. As the economy started to pick up, I used that land to borrow against and buy more land. By the time the drought was over, I owned almost ten sections [note: there are 640 acres in a section] and hadn’t spent $1,000 to get it.” At the time that we had that conversation (about 1972), his $1,000 investment made between 1930 and 1939 was worth over $3 million, an annualized return on investment of around 25%.

Do you have “a little money saved up” that could be used to pick up the bargains available in the current markets? My friend knew that the drought that caused the dust bowl wouldn’t last forever, and he made a fortune from other people’s panic. Investors are in a panic now, but if you’re smart their panic is your opportunity.

Investments to Avoid

In a struggling economy, investors tend to make the same mistakes over and over, and those mistakes take two forms: running for “safe harbor” and becoming extremely active traders in anything that is going up.

The safe harbor crowd always runs to one of two places, blue chip stocks and Treasury securities. As we have already discussed, blue chips are probably the roughest safe harbor you can go to, rather akin to anchoring in Galveston Bay during Hurricane Ike. Market volatility tends to have a more pronounced effect on blue chips: add the fact that blue chip companies like General Motors, General Electric, and AIG are all fighting for life right now and a run for the blue chips is borrowing trouble rather than escaping it.

Treasury issues are, without a doubt, safe. After all, if the Treasury defaults the money is meaningless anyway. The problem is, this is a “safe” harbor full of purchasing power pirates. The return on Treasury securities rarely keeps pace with inflation in an economic downturn, so while your safe harbor investment may be earning you a return in nominal dollar terms, in real dollar terms you’re losing purchasing power. It doesn’t do much good to earn 3% on your money if prices are going up an average of 6%.

Sadly, many investors who don’t run for safe harbor become speculators, moving money constantly into anything that is going up at the moment. Since most of the market is going down, this all too often drives them to the derivatives market, especially in today’s economy where oil futures have, at times, exceeded $140 per barrel. The problem is, if you’re short at $120 per barrel and the spot market on the settlement date is $140 per barrel, you’ll have to either lose money on an offsetting long position, sell your short at a loss, or have 1,000 barrels of crude setting around that you can part with. On the other hand, if you have a long position for $140 and the spot price is $120, you get to lose money going short or selling the long position at a loss, or you get to take delivery of 1,000 barrels of crude that you’ll lose $20,000 selling on the spot market if you can’t store it and wait.

Some investments, especially derivatives, will go into bubble mode early in an economic downturn, but don’t let that fool you into entering the bubble with them. As any kid who ever chewed bubble gum or blew soap bubbles can tell you, bubbles burst. If your money is in the bubble when it bursts, you can wave goodbye to it as it is scattered on the winds of economic caprice.

Investments to Make

Some companies and industries have proven themselves to be amazingly resilient. Like everything else, their securities are or soon will be selling at bargain basement prices, and if they appear to be struggling the discounts may be extra deep. Do your homework, make sure that they are positioned to bounce back, but if they are, buy while the price is low.

The current debacle started with a meltdown in the sub-prime mortgage market. The result is a large number of foreclosures, with lenders ending up holding real estate when they need cash. As a result, real estate prices are falling, so if you can, this is a good time to buy real estate or invest in companies that are investing in real estate. The prices will go back up, just as they did for my friend who invested in farm and ranch land during the dust bowl.

Many brokers and analysts have an innate fear of high yield (so called “junk”) bonds. Admittedly, some high yields have gone under and become no yields, but as a rule the returns have been in line with the risks, and sometimes a little higher. During an economic downturn, there tend to be two types of high yield bonds on the market: those with something behind them and those with nothing behind them. The former are usually issued by companies that want the capital to invest while the market is down, generally in either income real estate or leveraged buyouts. These tend to be pretty good bets for a sizeable profit in a relatively short period of time, and they offer your investment some diversification while providing at least partial collateral from the assets they invest your money into. The latter are usually issued by companies that are cash strapped and have credit problems, and they’re offering them to raise working capital: as a rule, they’re a bad investment and far more likely to default than the secured high yields.

The best bargains, however, may be in small cap (so called “penny”) stocks, initial public offerings (IPOs), and various kinds of notes, especially those backed with some kind of collateral. Some of these securities (especially the notes) can have some pretty creative terms, but if you understand the terms they can be a good, and often high yield, investment.

However, He Said . . .

While you’re doing all of this bargain basement buying, it doesn’t hurt to put a few safeguards into your portfolio. These can take several forms, as you’ll see.

After spending the first part of this article giving you all of the reasons to avoid the rush to blue chips and Treasury securities, I now need to backtrack just a bit. I’m not going into the famous politician’s gambit that “I was against it before I was for it.” I’m still adamantly opposed to loading your portfolio with volatile blue chips and low yield Treasuries, but having a portion of your portfolio in these securities isn’t a bad thing. The blue chips may recover a little more quickly than the market at large, and the Treasury issues will at least provide a good final position in the event of a major, long-term depression.

There are, of course, other ways to protect your portfolio. As you know, I’m against riding bubbles, especially in the derivatives markets. However, derivatives can be used to hedge your positions. Worried that a rise in interest rates will devalue that investment in mortgage notes? Just hedge the position with Treasury note or Treasury bond futures. For example, one long 10 year Treasury note contract can effectively insure one $100,000 10 year mortgage against excessive value loss due to rising interest rates. This doesn’t tie the two inextricably together, but as 10 years Treasury note rates rise toward the level of the long position, its value increases to cover the value lost by the mortgage note.

Another thing that can help your portfolio is investment grade bonds, especially if they can be converted to common stock. The conversion capability tends to buoy the price some, and the bond income can provide money to cover short-term losses in other areas or help your income weather the economic storm.

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The Economy is Changing – Are You?

The Economy is Changing from Pastor-Geneve By Dennis Kelley.

I recently read a story about a washing machine manufacturer in China. This Chinese company had produced a washing machine they were proud of and it was getting great reviews. However, they were starting to get complaints from some of their rural customers about the drain becoming clogged. After some investigation, they determined that some of these rural customers were using the washing machine to wash potatoes. Of course, this was not what the machine was designed to do. The manufacturer could have simply said this was the customer’s problem because they were using the machine improperly. Instead, they decided to add a vegetable-wash cycle to the machine. This is true innovation and clearly demonstrates their desire to be customer centric.

Being able to innovate in business is clearly one of the key areas of entrepreneurship. However, the idea of needing to innovate to succeed can be a little scary at times. Many people don’t believe that they are creative enough to do this well. Nothing could be further from the truth. You don’t need to be a creative genius to bring innovation to your business. However, innovation is the way businesses grow and change so you must pay attention to it. As the old saying goes, ‘You are either growing or dying, there is no such thing as standing still.”

Embracing change should be a way of life. While most people do not like to change, it is essential in business. You must constantly adjust the way you look at your business, your market and your competition. It is also extremely important to understand your customer and what changes are occurring with your target customer. By looking at each of these segments of your business, you will be able to determine where you need to innovate.

Innovation does not always need to be as radical as the example above. However, what the example does illustrate is how important it is to stay in touch with what is going on in your market and be willing to adapt to meet the changing needs of the market. In our current economic environment, this is especially true. As you look at your business, think about all the areas where innovation is appropriate. In fact, you could argue that every area of your business needs to be examined routinely for possible innovation.

Here are four areas to take a close look at right now. Ask yourself how these areas of your business are positioned today to handle the changing business climate. Be honest with yourself and ask others for their opinions. Talk to your employees, your customers, your business network and your mentors. Then decide what needs to change and start making the adjustments to keep you poised for success.

Marketing message – take a look at the message your marketing delivers. What are you saying to your prospects and customers? What about the positioning of the message? Is it speaking to people in a way that will attract them in the current climate? Is the message and offer you are giving meeting their needs today and is it persuasive enough to convince them to spend their precious dollars on it? Right now is a time when you may need to modify the way you deliver your message. Quality and value are always important in your message, but how you deliver it may need to change. Innovate the message based on what is important to your customers and prospects today. If you look closely, you will see this happening in many marketing and advertising campaigns for some of the largest and most successful companies in our economy.

Sales scripts – review your sales scripts and determine what you are saying and how it fits into the current environment. This includes your phone scripts, in-person sales scripts and your on-line sales scripts. Are you addressing people’s needs and concerns and showing them why your product is a good investment? Are the objections you get today the same as before and should you address them the same way? If you have salespeople, don’t assume they will modify their approach automatically. Pull the team together and conduct some brainstorming and training. How they approach prospects may need to become more creative right now as people become more cautious. Be proactive, not reactive in your sales process.

Product offerings – does your product line address today’s issues? Should you add a product or service to increase the value to deal with new issues your prospects face? Should you package products together to offer greater value? Can you modify a product or service to better position it within your market? Like the Chinese washing machine manufacturer – do your customers use your products in ways you didn’t expect and can you innovate to meet their needs? Can you offer different payment terms or methods of payment to make buying the product easier and more attractive?

Operational efficiency – take a look at how you make and deliver your product. Where and how can you improve this process to make it more efficient? Can you cut costs or improve quality? Should you outsource specific pieces of the business or conversely, should you bring more of it in-house.? Are there systems you can incorporate into the business that will increase capacity or lower costs? Take a look at every operational aspect of your business and question it all. You will be surprised at the improvements you can make.

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Top Strategies to Survive a Bad Economy

Top Pastor Geneve Strategies to Survive a Bad Economy By Frank Ramsey

No matter how rich a person or a country is, there will always be tough times. In these tough times when the economy is in bad shape surviving a bad economy is a must for everybody. This will not only help themselves to adjust to the current situation but this is also one way of contributing to the overall survival. The following strategies no matter how simple they might be can somehow help a person to survive the downscaling economy.

On transportation:

- It is best to carpool more often. Make it a habit between you and a coworker to take turns in carpooling to the office. This is a good way of minimizing both your expenses in gasoline. If there are more than two of you living in your neighborhood much better, the more the merrier.

- Instead of buying new cars, old used ones. In these tough times, new cars are not a necessity. But still, you need a means of transportation. What best way to save up but to buy old cars and save up some money? When you buy used cars, it would costs you a lot cheaper.

- Put together different errands in one trip. Try to get all of the things you need to do in one trip or on your trip home. This lessens the number of trip you need to make and you can avoid from driving back and forth.

- Take up a hobby and ride a bike. If you live close to stores malls or places you usually go to, ride a bike instead of driving you car. It’s god exercise and it’s good for your health.

- Wash your car yourself. This one is a no-brainer, why spend on something you can do yourself. That’s right, you can do this yourself. Imagine the cost savings that you’ll be making. It’s not much on its own but it’s a lot altogether.

On eating:

- Eat like you’re on a diet. Try and eat off your kids plate sometimes, this will make you eat in smaller portions and you would even notice. This one works if you don’t go for seconds.

- Bottled water alternative. Tap water is the ultimate cheap fix. Try comparing an ounce of bottled water and an ounce of tap I’m sure you’ll see the difference.

- Less meat more savings. Imagine not having meat during the working week and having it on weekends instead. It will definitely cost you less than your usual tab.

On personal shopping:

- Generic is good. Brand loyalty is a thing of the past especially if it cost you a lot. More than anything else the generic substitutes allows you to have options.

- Be a bargain hunter. Despite the downscale, people would still always buy personal items for themselves. Getting good items while surviving a bad economy can be done by buying bargain stuff. Don’t just be contented with the low price the stores have, try and look around if there’s anything better.

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Five Steps For Sales Success in a Slow Economy

Five Pastor-Geneve Steps For Success in a Slow Economy By Doug Dvorak

A slow economy is a difficult time for business and no salesperson welcomes it. As total business volume slumps, triggering apprehension of deeper recession and pessimism and uncertainty can prevail. However, it is an inevitable part of the economic cycle and businesses should learn to cope with it and salespeople should develop a strategy to survive and thrive. They should pursue only the best possible sales opportunities despite the hardships. Weak and inefficient salespeople are affected most in a slow economy and some even get wiped out, because all the negative news affects their attitude. Interestingly, many salespeople and businesses not only survive when the economy is slow, they also thrive. In addition to having quality products and services they follow some basic sales strategies to succeed in a difficult market which you too can follow:

1- Shift and Readjust Focus: The market composition changes when the economy is slow. Consumer demand and preferences change. Astuteness lies in studying and understanding the changes in the market and in consumer’s behavior. For example, a shoe manufacturer will notice that during a slump, consumers forego purchasing expensive designer shoes. But the sales of moderately priced shoes meant for the average consumer will purchase these brands unabated. The shoe manufacturer will be better off shifting focus to low end and moderately priced shoes rather than concentrating on high end – designer shoes. Similarly, financial and investment companies will find that the shares of certain industries still remain high despite an economic slow down. Industries related to food and other products that are basic to the needs of people will remain upbeat in a slump. Campbell’s Soup’s stock price has not depreciated significantly during this recession. The gaming industry has actually experienced growth during the current ongoing recession. Some computing companies haven’t yet been introduced to the current recession. IBM for example, has registered growth for the second successive quarter. Investors can shift their focus to these industries. Even some companies that have experienced a decline in the value of their stocks will be worth investing in if they show enough promise of bouncing back soon.

2- More Thrust on Sales: When the economy is running smoothly or booming many salespeople become mere order takers and are not delivering value to their clients. There is hardly any skill required to push sales as the brand name of the product and huge consumer demand automatically result in sales. But when the economy slows down, consumer demand dips for a large range of products. That’s when sharp sales skills should be used to keep sales figure up. The smart ones succeed in selling reasonably well despite the hard times. Organizations should reassess their sales strategies as well as the efficiency of their sales teams. There may be a need for weeding out non-performers from the sales team and rewarding the performers. Companies should have a well defined and effective sales process in place. All salespeople should adhere to the sales process and apply every ethical sales method that is known to them to get a sale. The possibility of online sales should be fully explored, as Forrester Research points out, that online consumers will spend $3000-4000 per year and their desire to spend is unlikely to be affected by recession.

3- Emphasis on Customer Service: In good economic times you may get away with poor customer service. But during tough economic times a single slighted customer could prove to be very costly. Customers expect prompt service and due attention, especially when they have come forward and chosen to buy your product. Organizations should remember that the transaction doesn’t end when they deliver the product and receive payments. It is just the beginning of a process that may require further rendering of service to the customer. A happy customer invariably becomes a repeat customer. A company can save money and effort by concentrating more on existing customers through impeccable customer service.

4- Slashing Prices: One of the weapons of fighting a recession is slashing prices of products and services as much as possible to stay competitive attract new buyers and gain market share, while still making profits. Microsoft has slashed its prices of the Xbox consoles to stay ahead in the booming gaming market. To compete with Nintendo and Sony and capture a sizeable chunk of the gaming market during the holiday season, the decision to cut prices seemed very logical for Microsoft.

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